Final answer:
The temporalis muscle is the mastication muscle that inserts at the coronoid process of the mandible, aiding in chewing by elevating and retracting the mandible.
Step-by-step explanation:
The muscle of mastication that inserts at the coronoid process of the mandible is the temporalis muscle. This muscle is one of the main musculature involved in the process of chewing or mastication. The temporalis muscle elevates the mandible, enabling the mouth to close, and retracts the mandible, pulling it backward. The coronoid process serves as an important insertion point for this muscle, contributing to its leverage and efficiency during the biting process.