Final answer:
Neutrophils' respiratory burst is a crucial defensive reaction producing various ROS such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and causing the release of myeloperoxidase, which forms hypochlorous acid. These substances, along with cytokines, are instrumental in pathogen destruction. Meanwhile, enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase help detoxify excess ROS to prevent tissue damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Respiratory burst associated with neutrophils is an essential part of the body's defence mechanism against infection. During this burst, various reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced to help in pathogen destruction. These ROS include superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and other radicals which play a direct role in the cellular processes of destroying pathogens. Neutrophils also release myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme involved in the creation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions, which is a potent antimicrobial substance.
Furthermore, neutrophils generate large quantities of cytokines to aid in immune response and signal other cells to the site of infection. High counts of neutrophils typically indicate an ongoing infection or inflammation, which can be especially high in cases such as burn injuries, where neutrophils proliferate intensively to prevent infection through the damaged skin barrier.
The production of ROS is a double-edged sword as it can lead to tissue damage if not regulated. Thus, the body has mechanisms through enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase to detoxify these potentially harmful species.