Final answer:
In response to the U.S. failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, cities and states have taken the initiative to set their own programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the wake of the U.S. failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, cities and states are setting their own programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
While the United States did not ratify the protocol, it does not mean that the country has not taken any actions to reduce carbon emissions. In fact, the United States has shown that it is a leader in carbon emission reduction without having signed the Protocol. By implementing various initiatives and policies at the local level, cities and states have been able to make significant progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.