Final answer:
The correct choice for an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) from the provided options is Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO). PFO occurs when the foramen ovale fails to close after birth. Tetralogy of Fallot, Coarctation of the Aorta, and Patent Ductus Arteriosus are other types of congenital heart defects mentioned.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
An Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal opening in the interatrial septum. Among the options provided, the correct choice for an ASD is:Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO). A PFO occurs when the foramen ovale, an opening that normally allows blood to bypass the lungs while the fetus is in the womb, fails to close after birth. Septal defects are first detected through auscultation, using a stethoscope to listen for abnormal heart sounds, and are confirmed by medical imaging like an echocardiogram.
The provided list also includes other congenital heart defects: Tetralogy of Fallot, which features an abnormal opening in the interventricular septum among other issues; Coarctation of the Aorta, involving the narrowing of the aorta; and Patent Ductus Arteriosus, where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
Tetralogy of Fallot is particularly severe and can cause cyanosis or a 'blue baby' syndrome due to poorly oxygenated blood circulating in the body.