Final answer:
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act primarily impacts the banking industry option (a) by allowing financial services companies to consolidate and affiliate among banks, securities, and insurance entities. Non-excludable services like police protection, roads, and primary education.
Step-by-step explanation:
The industry most directly impacted by the provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act is a. Banking. This act, also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, primarily aimed to allow the consolidation of financial services companies, permitting affiliations among banks, securities companies, and insurance companies.
It lifted many of the restrictions imposed by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 on the financial services industry, leading to significant changes in how banks and other financial institutions operate.
As for the services that are considered non-excludable, these are goods or services that cannot be withheld from those who don't pay for them, and examples include a. police protection, c. roads, and d. primary education.
Non-excludable goods or services are typically provided by the government because they are deemed as beneficial to the public and difficult to limit to paying customers only.