Final answer:
For a T1 spinal cord injury, the use of the shoulders and full function of the arms are typically preserved, as these areas are governed by nervous function above the T1 level. Respiratory function might be compromised in higher injuries, and elevations in heart rate are not commonly linked to a T1 injury.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extent of function or paralysis following a spinal cord injury depends on the level and severity of the injury. A T1 spinal cord injury affects the spinal cord at the thoracic level, which may preserve the use of the patient's arms and shoulders. Specifically, patients with a T1 spinal injury will likely maintain:
- Use of the shoulders, as this function is typically preserved above the T1 level.
- Full function of the arms, since T1 is at the level where upper extremity function is not typically affected.
- Potentially intact respiratory function, although high spinal cord injuries above C4 can lead to compromised breathing that may require mechanical ventilation.
- Variability in heart rate, but elevations in heart rate are not as commonly associated with T1 injuries as they might be with injuries higher up the spinal cord that directly affect cardiovascular controls.
To answer the student's question, the nurse will teach the patient and family that use of the shoulders will be preserved (a) and full function of the patient's arms will be retained (b).