Final answer:
The two extraction operations in ArcGIS are Clip and Intersect (option D), which are used to manipulate geographic data to extract new information by cutting and overlapping features, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two extraction operations that can be used in ArcGIS are D) Clip and Intersect. Both are techniques used for spatial analysis and for manipulating geographic data to extract new information.
Clip is an extraction tool that allows you to cut out a piece of one feature class using one or more of the features in another feature class as a cookie cutter. Essentially, this creates a new layer where only the parts of the features that fall within the boundary of the 'cutter' feature are kept.
Intersect is another extraction operation that computes a geometric intersection of the input features. Features or portions of features which overlap in all layers and/or feature classes will be written to the output feature class. This is useful for finding common areas among different layers.