Final answer:
Infection of the buccal mucosa, tongue, or oropharynx by Candida species is known as oral candidiasis or oral thrush, which presents as white patches in the mouth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Infection of the buccal (cheek) mucosa, tongue, or oropharynx by Candida spp. is known as oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as oral thrush. This condition is an overgrowth of Candida yeast, which is part of the normal microbiota, but can cause infection when there is an imbalance or the immune system is compromised. Oral thrush often presents as white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth and is most common in infants and immunodeficient patients, including those with AIDS.