Final answer:
A "just in time" (JIT) system can shift responsibility for physical distribution backward or forward in the channel. This can involve relying on suppliers to deliver raw materials directly to the production line or delivering finished goods directly to the customer.
Step-by-step explanation:
A "just in time" (JIT) system can shift responsibility for physical distribution backward or forward in the channel. The correct answer is c) Both backward and forward. JIT is a supply chain management strategy that aims to minimize excess inventory by receiving goods just in time for production or customer delivery. This can involve shifting responsibility for physical distribution backward, such as when a manufacturer relies on suppliers to deliver raw materials directly to the production line, or forward, such as when a supplier delivers finished goods directly to the customer.