Final answer:
Criminal liability is the accountability for violating criminal statutes, integral to criminal law that aims to protect society from harmful actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Criminal liability is the responsibility under the law for a violation of federal or state criminal statute. This concept is integral to criminal law, which prohibits actions that could harm or endanger others, and establishes punishment for those actions.
When someone commits a criminal act, be it a felony or a misdemeanor, the government (state or federal) charges the individual with a crime.
For instance, courts hear cases involving criminal law such as assault with a gun, the illegal sale of drugs, or bank robbery.
In contrast, civil liability arises in civil law cases which involve disputes between two or more private parties, where at least one alleges harm committed by the other.
Regarding question 7, both state and federal courts hear matters that involve civil law and criminal law. Therefore, the correct answer is c) both civil and criminal law.
The example of corporate crime provided in question 12 among the options is embezzlement, so the correct answer is a) Embezzlement. Corporate crime refers to illegal acts committed by corporate entities or by individuals acting on behalf of a corporation.