Final answer:
Sedative-hypnotics, including barbiturates and benzodiazepines, are primarily used for the induction of sleep and the reduction of anxiety. These drugs can also function as muscle relaxants and anticonvulsants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The therapeutic effects of sedative-hypnotics such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and barbiturate-like drugs primarily include the induction of sleep, reduction in anxiety, muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity. These drugs can produce varying degrees of central nervous system depression, ranging from mild sedation to deep coma. At lower doses, they may promote relaxation and decrease inhibitions, while higher doses are likely to induce sleep and can lead to memory loss, impaired motor function, and in extreme cases, may result in respiratory depression and death.
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines have different safety profiles, with benzodiazepines generally considered safer due to a lower risk of addiction and overdose. Benzodiazepines are used for their anti-anxiety properties, sedative effects, as muscle relaxants, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal and epilepsy. In contrast, barbiturates are more likely to be used in situations requiring deep sedation, such as general anesthesia, and carry greater risks, especially when combined with other central nervous system depressants.