Final answer:
An example of a disease with accelerated drug development is malaria due to the continuous emergence of drug resistance. Smallpox and polio also have seen rapid vaccine development historically, and the COVID-19 pandemic triggered swift medical responses.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of a disease that had accelerated development of a new drug is malaria. Malaria is a major problem for people in malaria-endemic regions, with a significant number of cases and deaths annually. The development of new drugs for malaria is ongoing due to the continuous emergence of resistance to existing drugs, making it a prime example of rapid drug development response. The vaccine developed by Hilary Koprowski was for polio, and smallpox was responsible for the greatest number of Amerindian deaths in history. During the COVID-19 pandemic that began in December 2019, rapid development of vaccines and therapeutics was also notably accelerated to address the global health crisis.