Final answer:
Option(d) Adaptive reuse refers to the process of converting buildings for new uses without major structural changes, providing a sustainable approach to urban development distinct from remodeling, restoration, or renovation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conversion of buildings into different uses without significantly altering the structure is known as adaptive reuse. This concept is distinct from other forms of building alterations, such as remodeling, which may involve making significant changes to meet the current needs; restoration, which involves returning a site or object to its earlier state, oftentimes using non-original materials; and renovation, which implies repairing and updating a building. Adaptive reuse, on the other hand, finds new purposes for old buildings while keeping their historic character intact. An example of adaptive reuse could be transforming a former gas station into a retail space or a residence.
During the urban renewal programs of the mid-20th century, many buildings were demolished to create a clean slate for new development. This process was sometimes controversial due to the use of eminent domain and the displacement of residents without adequate provisions for rehousing. In contrast, adaptive reuse can be a more sustainable and community-oriented approach to urban development, retaining the fabric and memories of the community while providing new functionalities for existing buildings.