Final answer:
The correct answer is D) Increased risk of neck and shoulder discomfort. If armrests are too low, it disrupts good posture, causing muscle strain and potential discomfort as described in Figures 9.26 and 9.29 related to the alignment of one's center of gravity and the associated muscle strain.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the armrest height of a chair is too low, the correct answer would be D) Increased risk of neck and shoulder discomfort. Proper ergonomic support requires that the armrest of a chair be at a height where it allows the user to rest their arms comfortably without slouching or elevating their shoulders. Too low armrests can lead to poor posture, where the user might hunch forward or raise their shoulders to compensate, potentially leading to muscle strain and discomfort. According to the provided reference illustrations and explanations, good posture means having the center of gravity (CG) aligned with the base of support, and any deviation can lead to muscle strain as observed in part (b) of the figures depicting bad posture. Specifically, Figure 9.26 and 9.29 highlight how misalignment of the body's CG can require additional muscle action and strain.
Regarding the human factors psychologist, their concern in an office workstation setup would likely be the height of the chair, as this can directly affect the ergonomic positioning and comfort of the employee.