Final answer:
Article III of the U.S. Constitution outlines the judiciary's powers, including the Supreme Court and other federal courts, which is the correct answer to the question.
Step-by-step explanation:
Article III of the United States Constitution specifically deals with the judicial powers of the federal government. Within Article III, it outlines the power and responsibilities of the federal court system, including the creation of the Supreme Court and other inferior courts, the types of cases that the federal courts have jurisdiction over, and the tenure of federal judges. Thus, the correct answer to the question is C. The judiciary's powers.