Final answer:
The FTCA allows lawsuits against the U.S. government in federal courts under limited circumstances, which is true. State cases involving federal questions may be heard by federal courts. The Necessary and Proper Clause has been used to expand federal government powers, not limit them, rendering statement as false.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'The FTCA allows lawsuits against the U.S. federal government, but only in limited circumstances.' is True. The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) permits private parties to sue the United States in a federal court for most torts committed by persons acting on behalf of the United States. However, this ability is subject to several exceptions where the government retains its immunity from litigation. For instance, certain discretionary functions and actions still provide the government with immunity, and the FTCA does not apply to intentional torts, with some exceptions, like assault and battery. Therefore, while the FTCA allows for these lawsuits, they are indeed limited to specific circumstances.
A state case is more likely to be heard by the federal courts when it involves a federal question which includes issues concerning the Constitution, federal laws, treaties, or cases where the U.S. government is a party, as derived from Section 2 Clause 1 of the Constitution and further clarified by cases such as Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents.
The Necessary and Proper Clause, contrary to the assumption in the question, has been used to expand the powers of the national government, not limit it. This clause allows the government to enact laws considered "necessary and proper" to execute its constitutionally granted powers, effectively broadening, rather than restricting, the potential scope of federal authority. Thus, the correct answer to Exercise 9.3.1 and The Constitution question 1 is False.