Final answer:
The type of disease that is characterized by arterial plaque and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease is Atherosclerosis. This condition involves the buildup of fatty, fibrous plaques in arteries, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Healthy lifestyle choices are crucial in reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of disease characterized by arterial plaque and that is the major cause of cardiovascular disease is A. Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when arteries narrow due to the buildup of plaques, potentially leading to serious complications like heart attacks and strokes. Obesity and diabetes are additional major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with people with diabetes being two to four times more likely to die of cardiovascular disease.
A major risk factor for both arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis is advanced age, as these conditions tend to progress over time. However, unhealthy lifestyle choices such as poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use are also significant risk factors. Atherosclerosis often leads to other cardiovascular diseases like stroke and peripheral artery disease.
Preventing cardiovascular disease involves treating conditions like hypertension and atherosclerosis, with healthy lifestyle choices also playing an important role in reducing the risk of developing CVD.