Final answer:
A provider may deny a patient access to their health information under HIPAA if it is agreed upon in a research study, if psychotherapy notes are requested, or if it poses a danger to someone's life or safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
A provider may deny a patient's request to review and copy his or her health information in several scenarios. According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), a patient may be denied access if they are involved in a research study and agree to temporarily suspend access to their health records if they request access to psychotherapy notes, or if a licensed healthcare professional determines that access to Protected Health Information (PHI) would endanger the patient's life or another person's safety. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d. All of the above.