Final answer:
Deficiencies in vitamin A, iron, vitamin D, and folic acid can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as anemia, immune system issues, visual impairments, and neurological and bone development defects in the fetus.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deficiencies in vitamin A, iron, vitamin D, and folic acid during pregnancy can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Vitamin A deficiency is known to cause visual impairments and anemia, and affects the development of the immune system. Essential for the early stages of pregnancy, insufficient folic acid can result in neurological defects such as spina bifida. Iron deficiency during pregnancy is associated with anemia and birth defects. Lastly, vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women can result in rickets in children, characterized by bowed legs and improper bone development due to malabsorption of calcium.