Final Answer:
The correct statement describing the structure of the ductus venosus is c. Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. Thus. the correct answer is option c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ductus venosus is a crucial fetal blood vessel that plays a significant role in fetal circulation. It connects the umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the placenta, to the inferior vena cava, allowing a portion of this oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and directly enter the fetal systemic circulation. This diversion of highly oxygenated blood to the inferior vena cava helps supply vital oxygen to fetal organs and tissues, ensuring proper growth and development before birth.
During fetal development, the ductus venosus serves as a shunt that facilitates the passage of oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein, which brings oxygen and nutrients from the placenta, directly into the systemic circulation.
This shunt diverts the blood away from the liver, as the fetal liver performs minimal metabolic functions, and directs the highly oxygenated blood towards the fetal heart and brain. This mechanism ensures that the fetal organs receive an adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood, promoting optimal fetal development and growth in the womb.
Understanding the structure and function of the ductus venosus is crucial in comprehending fetal circulation and the adaptations necessary for the fetus to receive oxygenated blood from the placenta. The ductus venosus closes shortly after birth as part of the physiological changes occurring during the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation, allowing for proper circulation adjustments in the newborn as the reliance on placental oxygenation ceases.
Thus. the correct answer is option c.