Final answer:
Correct option is D) .Inductive logic assesses the strength of an argument based on the probability of the conclusion, which differs from deductive reasoning's focus on validity. This type of logic calculates the likelihood, rather than the certainty, of conclusions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Inductive logic is concerned with methods of evaluating the strength of an argument based on its ability to predict the likelihood, or probability, of the conclusion being true, given that the premises are true. Unlike deductive reasoning, which aims at providing valid arguments where the conclusion must be true if the premises are, inductive reasoning seeks to offer probabilistic conclusions that have a high likelihood of being true but do not guarantee certainty.
While validity is a term associated with deductive arguments, inductive arguments are assessed in terms of the strength or weakness of the inferences made, often measured by their probability. For instance, when scientists make inferences based on observed patterns or regularities, they are using inductive reasoning to draw conclusions that are likely but not certain. Thus, the correct answer to the question is that inductive logic is concerned with evaluating arguments for probability.