Final answer:
Court-made law referred to when a lawyer quotes a precedent is known as common law (option C). It is developed by judges through decisions in court cases and forms the basis for legal precedents.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a lawyer quotes a precedent for punishment of a crime committed by the defendant in a trial, they are referring to common law. This type of law, also known as case law or precedent, is derived from the decisions of judges in court cases rather than statutes passed by a legislature or regulations issued by the executive branch.
In the United States, the common law system is a hallmark of the judicial process, providing judges with the ability to make law through their rulings and interpretations on a case-by-case basis. This is in contrast to a code law system where judges primarily apply laws that are comprehensively written and allow little room for judicial discretion.
The correct answer to the question is C) Common law.