Question

Which condition occurs when the posterior pituitary gland releases too much antidiuretic hormone, causing water retention?

a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
c) Diabetes insipidus (DI)
d) Cushing's syndrome

Answer 1

The condition caused by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior pituitary gland, leading to water retention, is a Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

Step-by-step explanation:

The condition that occurs when the posterior pituitary gland releases too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing water retention, is the Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). This is contrary to diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by an underproduction of ADH or a mutation in the ADH receptor, leading to increased urine output and thirst. In SIADH, excess ADH causes the kidneys to retain water, which can result in a dilution of electrolytes in the blood, particularly sodium, leading to a condition called hyponatremia.