Final answer:
In Patriarchal societies, men's contributions are seen as more valuable than those of women. Such perspectives and arrangements are widespread and taken for granted.
So, the correct answer is C) Patriarchal.
Step-by-step explanation:
In societies where men's contributions are seen as more valuable than those of women, these are typically known as patriarchal societies. Such a society is grounded in a widespread gender ideology that accords men a dominant role both within the family and in public life, where decisions and leadership are principally held by men.
By contrast, matriarchal societies, which are exceedingly rare if they exist at all in the contemporary world, would be characterized by the rule of senior women. However, this is not reflective of modern or historical societies, as no society today is broadly recognized as matriarchal, and even matrilineal societies often saw men in leadership roles.
Despite the efforts of reformers and states to promote egalitarian values and female empowerment, patriarchal customs and structures continue to be prevalent. Lastly, communal societies emphasize collective life and work with gendered concepts of tasks but are not defined by male dominance over women in the way patriarchal societies are.
So, the correct answer is C) Patriarchal.