Final answer:
Pre-trial procedures in the criminal justice system include a preliminary hearing, pre-trial motions, jury selection, and the establishment of a defendant's rights such as a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. These stages aim to protect the rights of the accused and ensure a fair trial. Supreme Court decisions and constitutional amendments have outlined these key procedures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of pre-trial procedures in the criminal justice system include several stages designed to ensure the rights of the accused are protected and to prepare for a fair trial. After an individual is charged with a serious crime, they usually have a preliminary hearing to be informed of the charges, advised of their right to counsel, and to enter a plea. Pre-trial motions may be filed to address the admissibility of evidence or other legal questions.
Another critical part of the pre-trial process is jury selection, where a pool of potential jurors is screened to find an impartial group. This process aims to seat twelve jurors and one or two alternates who will hear the evidence and determine the verdict. In accordance with the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments, the defendant is also guaranteed a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, and may request a change of venue if they believe a fair trial is not possible due to pre-trial publicity or other factors.
During pre-trial, there may be negotiations for a plea bargain. If no agreement is reached, the case proceeds to trial through these established procedures. Supreme Court decisions and constitutional amendments provide a framework for the processes that must be followed to guard against unjust detention and to ensure a fair and impartial trial.