Final answer:
The proper negative aim of egalitarian justice, as discussed by Elizabeth Anderson, is not to ensure equal outcomes (Option B), but to address unfair conditions that compromise individual dignity. Philosophers like Rawls emphasize equal rights and the fair distribution of opportunities rather than outright elimination of inequality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elizabeth Anderson on the Point of Equality
Elizabeth Anderson, a contemporary philosopher in the field of egalitarianism, articulates a nuanced view of the goals of egalitarian justice. The proper negative aim of egalitarian justice, according to Anderson, is not to ensure equal outcomes (Option B), but rather to prevent conditions that are unfair or demeaning to the dignity of individuals. Her stance aligns with a broader current within egalitarian thought that seeks to uphold individual liberties, prevent exploitation, and support a fair opportunity structure, rather than strictly equalizing material possessions or income. This view stands in contrast to strict egalitarianism, which would advocate for complete material equality amongst all individuals.
Egalitarian theories like those of John Rawls focus on ensuring equal rights and moral worth for all and aim for a fair distribution of goods and opportunities. Rawls emphasized the importance of upholding the liberty principle and the difference principle, which require that social and economic inequalities benefit the least advantaged and are tied to positions that are open to all in a fair manner. He did not call for an outright elimination of inequality, recognizing a trade-off between incentives and economic equality.
Equality is a central theme in social justice discussions, especially in terms of how best to balance fairness, opportunity, and the potential economic implications of redistributive policies. Philosophers like Dworkin and Rawls offer different perspectives on how a just society should manage resources and opportunities while striving to minimize disadvantage among its members.