Final answer:
Pseudocode is a heuristic that offers a flexible way to write down algorithms, not restricted by the strict rules of programming language syntax.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is b) Pseudocode. Pseudocode is not a precise set of notational rules to be memorized and rigidly followed, but rather a flexible notation that can be adjusted to fit your view about how best to express ideas and algorithms. Pseudocode is a heuristic, a mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem. It allows you to write out the logic of a program or an algorithm without needing to adhere to the strict syntax and grammar rules of a formal programming language like Java or the fixed representation of Binary code or HTML.
Using pseudocode, you have the freedom to choose whichever symbols or names you find most clear and descriptive for your variables and operations. This mirrors the flexibility you have in mathematics, where the symbols chosen for equations are just labels that carry no intrinsic meaning and can be substituted at will, as long as it's done consistently.