Final Answer:
The infectious agent that poses an environmental risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma is D) Hepatitis B.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with chronic viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B and C. In the context of the given options, Hepatitis B (HBV) is the primary infectious agent linked to HCC. HBV is a DNA virus that infects the liver, leading to chronic inflammation and, in some cases, cirrhosis, which significantly increases the risk of developing HCC. The risk of HCC is particularly high in individuals with persistent HBV infection. In fact, chronic hepatitis B infection is a major global risk factor for HCC, making it a critical consideration in the context of environmental factors contributing to liver cancer.
The other options (A) Epstein-Barr virus, (B) Herpes simplex virus type 2, (C) Varicella-zoster, and (E) Hepatitis A, are not typically associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. While Epstein-Barr virus is linked to certain cancers, it is not a primary factor for HCC. The correct identification of Hepatitis B as the infectious agent tied to HCC underscores the importance of vaccination programs and effective public health measures in reducing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in regions where HBV is prevalent.