Final answer:
Chromonychia is the nail disorder characterized by the nail turning various colors, which could be due to staining, systemic disorders, or poor blood circulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nail disorder that shows symptoms of the nail turning a variety of colors, potentially indicating surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation, is Chromonychia.
Conditions such as leukonychia, onycholysis, and onychomycosis are related to different nail issues: leukonychia involves white discoloration or spots on the nails, onycholysis is the separation of the nail from the nail bed, and onychomycosis refers to a fungal infection causing yellowing and thickening of the nail.