Question

"A nurse places fetal and uterine monitors on the abdomen of a client in labor. When observing the relationship between the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions, the nurse identifies four late decelerations. What condition is most frequently associated with late decelerations?

A. Head compression
B. Maternal hypothyroidism
C. Uteroplacental insufficiency
D. Umbilical cord compression"

Answer 1

Late decelerations of fetal heart rate during labor are most frequently associated with uteroplacental insufficiency, a condition that compromises the blood and oxygen flow between the placenta and fetus, potentially leading to fetal distress.

Step-by-step explanation:

A nurse has identified four late decelerations of fetal heart rate in a client in labor. Late decelerations are a type of fetal heart rate pattern noted during uterine contractions and are most frequently associated with a condition known as uteroplacental insufficiency. This condition occurs when there is inadequate blood flow and oxygen exchange between the placenta and the fetus, which may lead to a sustained decrease in fetal heart rate. Each contraction during labor reduces the oxygen flow to the fetus, necessitating a period of relaxation in between contractions to restore oxygenation. Severe contractions that are too powerful or lengthy without adequate relaxation periods can cause fetal distress, leading to late decelerations in the fetal heart pattern. Uteroplacental insufficiency can become an emergency requiring interventions such as vacuum, forceps, or Caesarean section delivery if severe enough.