Final answer:
The type of chromosome with satellites attached to their short arms by stalks is known as an Acrocentric chromosome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is A. Acrocentric. Acrocentric chromosomes have satellites attached to their short arms by stalks. These satellites can be involved in nucleolus formation during interphase of the cell cycle. Metacentric chromosomes have centromeres that are approximately in the middle, making their arms of roughly equal length. Submetacentric chromosomes have centromeres that are slightly off center, leading to one arm being slightly longer than the other. Sex chromosomes (X and Y in humans) determine the sex of an organism and differ from one another in size and shape. Autosomes are the non-sex chromosomes and do not determine sex, but carry the rest of an individual's genetic information.