Question

What disease is auto-anti-I associated with in older adults?

a. Mononucleosis
b. Parvovirus B19
c. Mycoplasma pneumonia
d. Paroxsysmal hemoglobinuria

Answer 1

Auto-anti-I is associated with cold agglutinin disease, a condition where autoantibodies cause hemolytic anemia, related to the humoral immune response.

Step-by-step explanation:

Auto-anti-I is associated with cold agglutinin disease, an autoimmune condition that can occur in older adults. Cold agglutinin disease is characterized by the production of autoantibodies—specifically, cold agglutinins—that react at low temperatures and can cause hemolytic anemia. While not listed among the options provided in the original question, it can be a complication of conditions such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection or certain lymphoproliferative disorders. Autoimmune diseases, including cold agglutinin disease, involve the humoral immune response and are often associated with specific genetic factors, such as those involving the MHC genes. They result from the production of autoantibodies that inappropriately target self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and disease.

Answer 2

Answer: Based on the given options, the disease that is associated with auto-anti-I in older adults is:

d. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria

Auto-anti-I refers to autoantibodies that target the I antigen found on red blood cells. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria is a rare blood disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, leading to episodes of hemoglobinuria (the presence of hemoglobin in the urine). In this condition, the complement system is activated, causing the destruction of red blood cells, and auto-anti-I antibodies have been implicated in its development.

It is important to note that the other options (a. Mononucleosis, b. Parvovirus B19, c. Mycoplasma pneumonia) are not directly associated with auto-anti-I in older adults. Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, Parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease (commonly seen in children), and Mycoplasma pneumonia is a type of bacterial pneumonia.

Therefore, based on the given options, the correct answer is d. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria.

Step-by-step explanation: