Final answer:
Osteoporosis and anemia are common diseases in the elderly, linked to deficiencies in calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 or iron respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two vitamin and mineral related diseases that are commonly found in the older population are osteoporosis and anemia. Osteoporosis is a disease where bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. Anemia in older adults is often due to a lack of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid, and it can lead to decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin, which can cause fatigue and weakness.