Final answer:
The No Child Left Behind Act is the legislation that established standards and mandated annual testing in math, reading, and science for schools receiving federal funding. Enacted in 2002, it was designed to hold schools accountable for student performance, with consequences for schools that did not meet progress goals. It was later replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015.
Step-by-step explanation:
The act that calls for standards and annual testing of math, reading, and science is called the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, NCLB aimed to hold schools accountable by implementing a system of testing to measure and improve student performance in these subjects.
This Act required schools receiving federal funds to test students in grades three through eight, with the goal of ensuring that all students met the established educational standards. Schools that did not make adequate yearly progress toward these goals faced corrective actions and restructuring. It greatly increased the federal role in public education and aimed at closing the achievement gap in American education.
In response to the criticism over the years, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was passed in 2015 as a replacement. This Act reduced the federal government's role and gave more discretion to the states in setting goals and accountability measures for schools.