Final answer:
The nurse should assess the patient's temperature and initiate a workup to rule out infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
In this case, the first action the nurse should take is to assess the patient's temperature and initiate a workup to rule out infection. The symptoms of fever, chills, and dysuria are indicative of a possible infection, which can be serious for a kidney transplant recipient. It is important to determine if there is an infection and start appropriate treatment promptly.