Final answer:
The contraindications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy include gallstones, pregnancy, low BMI, and recent physical activity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The contraindications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy include:
- Gallstones: While laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly performed to treat gallstones, if there are severe complications such as gallbladder inflammation or infection, open surgery may be required.
- Pregnancy: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally avoided during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the developing fetus. It is usually postponed until after delivery unless the situation is critical.
- Low BMI: Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be challenging in patients with a very low BMI due to limited visibility and difficulties in accessing the gallbladder.
- Recent Physical Activity: Performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy soon after engaging in vigorous physical activity can increase the risk of complications such as bleeding and injury.