Final answer:
Patients with chronic kidney disease experience an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease related to hypertension, vascular calcifications, and hyperinsulinemia causing dyslipidemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patients with chronic kidney disease experience an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease related to hypertension, vascular calcifications, and hyperinsulinemia causing dyslipidemia.
Metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of sulfates, phosphates, uric acid, etc. can alter enzyme activity and promote hyperkalemia, which can increase cardiovascular disease risk. Chronic kidney disease also leads to accelerated atherosclerosis, increasing the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease.
In addition, hypertension and atherosclerosis often cause other cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and peripheral artery disease.