Final answer:
Intrarenal causes of acute kidney injury include nephrotoxic drugs, acute glomerulonephritis, and tubular obstruction by myoglobin. Renal stones cause post-renal AKI, whereas anaphylaxis and bladder cancer are not intrarenal causes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The intrarenal causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) include conditions that directly damage the kidney's structure and affect its functioning. Among the options given:
- Nephrotoxic drugs (such as some NSAIDs, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and others) can cause direct toxic injury to renal tissue.
- Acute glomerulonephritis can stem from several conditions, including autoimmune diseases like Goodpasture's syndrome and acute lupus nephritis with systemic lupus erythematosus, directly affecting renal function.
- Tubular obstruction by myoglobin, as seen in rhabdomyolysis, can lead to intratubular obstruction and kidney damage.
However, while renal stones can cause post-renal AKI due to obstructive causes in the urinary tract, anaphylaxis and bladder cancer are not intrarenal causes of AKI. It's important to differentiate between intra-renal and other causes to correctly diagnose and manage AKI.