Final answer:
The statement about management is true, aligning with the essential functions necessary to achieve organizational goals. Management styles, such as McGregor's Theory X and Y, as well as Taylor's scientific management, elucidate methods to optimize efficiency and productivity. An efficient bureaucracy is crucial for managing large groups and functionalism outlines the roles of government, with resource distribution not being a main purpose.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that management involves the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively is indeed true. This concept aligns with the basic functions of management that are crucial for any organization. Management theories like Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y describe different management styles that affect employee motivation and productivity. Theory X managers tend to have a negative view of employees and rely on strict supervision and control, while Theory Y managers believe employees are self-motivated and respond to tasks with more initiative. Moreover, the principles of scientific management, developed by Frederick Taylor, emphasize efficiency and productivity through time and motion studies to align the interests of both the organization and the employees.
Concerning the intended positive aspects of bureaucracies, an efficient bureaucracy is vital for managing large political units, as it allows for greater productivity and efficiency. The system's rules, records, and chain of command become more important than any individual within it, ensuring consistent and rational administration across the board.
Regarding functionalism's four main purposes of government, maintaining law and order, meeting social needs, and planning and directing society are among them, while equally distributing resources is not. Functionalism focuses on the various ways societies maintain stability and functionality, including the roles that governments play.
The main goal of scientific management was to increase workers' efficiency, as it sought to optimize labor productivity and improve economic efficiency within an organization. This approach transformed management practices and employee work strategies.