Final answer:
Redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party is known as gerrymandering, a practice that often challenges the principles of fair representation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party is known as gerrymandering. This term originated from a combination of the name of Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry and the word 'salamander,' which referred to the shape of a particularly convoluted voting district he established in 1812 to benefit his political party.
Gerrymandering is used by political groups to create electoral advantages. While sometimes legal, it becomes problematic, especially when it dilutes the votes of racial minorities, challenging the principles of the Voting Rights Act of 1964.