Final answer:
The Senate shares the power with the president to approve members of the Supreme Court, as part of the checks and balances system of the U.S. government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Senate shares with the president the power to approve members of the Supreme Court. This power is part of the system of checks and balances that is essential to the United States government, as described by the Constitution. Specifically, the president has the authority to nominate judges to the Supreme Court, but it is the role of the Senate to provide consent through a majority vote. This process ensures that the appointment of Supreme Court justices is subject to legislative oversight and approval.
The president's role as the head of the military is distinct from Congress's power to declare war, and while the president can make treaties, they require ratification by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Impeachment proceedings for executive branch officials begin in the House of Representatives, and the Senate is responsible for the trial. However, approval of constitutional amendments and declaring laws unconstitutional are not powers shared by the Senate and the president; these are functions of the legislative branch as a whole and the judiciary, respectively.