Final answer:
The procedure for filtering the blood and removing toxins in patients with chronic and end-stage renal disease is hemodialysis, a process that artificially cleans blood by passing it through a dialysis machine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedure performed on patients with chronic and end-stage renal disease to aid in filtering the blood and removing ingested toxins is hemodialysis. This medical process involves removing wastes and excess water from the blood by diffusion and ultrafiltration when kidney function is insufficient. Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter the blood externally, whereby the patient's blood flows through cellophane tubes amidst an isotonic solution, efficiently removing waste products like urea before returning the cleaned blood to the body.
How Hemodialysis Works:
In hemodialysis, the blood passes through a dialysis machine which acts as an artificial kidney. It purifies the blood by filtering out harmful substances and excess fluids, using a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to waste products such as urea but impermeable to larger components like red blood cells. This vital treatment is typically done on an outpatient basis and is necessary for survival in patients whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions effectively.