Final answer:
The procedure that requires injecting dye or a radioactive substance into the breast to locate lymph nodes is a Sentinel lymph node biopsy. This technique is used to identify and test the sentinel node for cancer, guiding treatment decisions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedure that involves the injection of dye and/or a radioactive material into the breast mass to track the lymph nodes is A. Sentinel lymph node biopsy. In this procedure, the dye or radioactive substance helps identify the first lymph node (sentinel lymph node) that the cancer cells are most likely to spread to from the tumor. This allows the surgeon to remove just this node and test it for the presence of cancer cells, which can help in determining the appropriate treatment.
A biopsy is crucial in cases of suspected malignancies such as testicular cancer and prostate cancer. The use of isotopes in scans, as highlighted in Figure 24.11.2 and Figure 31.6, demonstrates how radioactive substances can aid in locating cancer cells by binding to specific antigens present on the surface of these cells.