Final answer:
The mean differences among the columns in a factorial design table define interaction effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a table representing the structure of a factorial design, the mean differences among the columns define interaction effects (option b).
A factorial design is an experimental design that involves studying the effects of multiple independent variables on a dependent variable. The mean differences among the columns in the table show how the independent variables interact with each other to affect the dependent variable.
For example, if we are studying the effects of both gender and age on a test score, the mean differences among the columns in the factorial design table will show whether there is an interaction between gender and age, indicating whether their combined effects are different from the individual effects of each variable