Final answer:
One negative effect of the Fall is punishment. The atonement provides a solution to humanity's punishment. This doctrine is described in scripture as propitiation, the correct answer is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept described in scripture that provides a solution to humanity's punishment as a result of the Fall is known as propitiation. Propitiation refers to the act of appeasing a deity, thus incurring divine favor or avoiding divine retribution. Within Christian theology, this term is often associated with the atonement and sacrifice of Jesus Christ, which is believed to have reconciled humanity with God and satisfied divine justice. This doctrine is distinct from expiation, which involves the act of atonement or making amends for guilt or wrongdoing without necessarily implying the appeasement of divine wrath. Reconciliation is related but broader, referring to the restoration of a broken relationship between humanity and God, while redemption is the act of being saved or delivered from sin.
In theological discussions, the role of a good, all-knowing, and all-powerful deity is often questioned in the context of evil and human suffering. Theological defenses, such as those proposed by St. Augustine and Irenaeus, suggest that evil resulted from humanity's fall from grace and that God's role involves soul-making, leading humans from a base, undeveloped life to a state of divine love and spiritual life. the correct answer is A.