Final answer:
Hierarchical dualism suggests a division between the body and soul, but Pauline theology's emphasis on the hope of bodily resurrection is one doctrine that contradicts this by envisaging a future harmony between the two. Other views, like Gnosticism, Cartesian dualism, and Platonic philosophy, support various forms of dualism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dualism in Philosophy
The concept of hierarchical dualism suggests a division between the body and soul, often implying a form of opposition or hostility. One scripture and doctrine that provides a contrasting viewpoint to this notion is Pauline theology and its affirmation of the hope of bodily resurrection. This belief is rooted in the Christian faith and is exemplified in the New Testament teachings, especially those of the Apostle Paul, who advocated for a future where both body and soul are redeemed and glorified, thus highlighting a harmonious and interdependent relationship between the two.
On the contrary, Gnosticism, Cartesian dualism, and Platonic philosophy tend to emphasize a separation or distinct hierarchy between the material and spiritual realms. Gnosticism values the spiritual over the material, Cartesian dualism contends with the mind-body duality, and Platonic philosophy distinguishes between the material world and the realm of ideal forms, ultimately supporting a dualistic worldview. However, none of these align with the Christian doctrine of bodily resurrection, preferring instead to posit a dichotomy and sometimes an implied antagonism between body and soul.
The discussions of dualism within philosophical traditions often point to the complexity of human nature and the ongoing debate about the relationship between the material and the spiritual. Dualism presents a reality composed of two distinct substances, whereas materialism argues for a singular, matter-based reality.