Final answer:
Immanuel Kant is most associated with the Categorical Imperative, which is a key concept in deontological ethics, advocating for universal principles in determining moral actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual most associated with the Categorical Imperative is Immanuel Kant. This concept is fundamental to his deontological ethics within the scope of philosophy. The Categorical Imperative is a principle that suggests we should only act on maxims that we would want to become universal laws, applicable to everyone. Contrastingly, Utilitarianism, typically associated with Jeremy Bentham and later advanced by John Stuart Mill, is a consequentialist theory that evaluates the morality of actions based on their outcomes, particularly in terms of happiness or utility they produce for the greatest number. Kant's approach to ethics is grounded in duty and universality rather than the consequentialist focus on outcomes.