Final answer:
Executive functioning involves the cognitive processes of the prefrontal cortex, which include problem solving and decision making. Memory functions entail encoding, storage, and retrieval. The nervous system integrates sensory input with cognitive processes to produce motor output.
Step-by-step explanation:
Executive functioning requires cognitive processes of the prefrontal cortex that lead to directing goal-directed behavior. This involves multiple higher cognitive functions such as problem solving and decision making. Hence, the answer to the student's question is c) Problem Solving and Decision Making. These executive functions are essential for planning, organizing, strategizing, paying attention to and remembering details, and managing time and space. Furthermore, the three functions of memory are d) encoding, storage, and retrieval, which are distinct but interrelated processes involved in maintaining and using information over time.
The nervous system plays a critical role in sensory perception, central processing, and motor responses. An example describing executive function in action begins with sensory input received and then integrated with memories, emotional state, or learning, and finally resulting in motor output. This includes the ability to associate sensory stimuli with learned behavior and is part of the complex interaction between different regions of the nervous system.