Final answer:
The discipline associated with an athlete's gait analysis is Biomechanics, which is focused on the mechanics of human movement and is key for performance improvement and injury rehabilitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The discipline that deals with an athlete's gait analysis is Biomechanics. Biomechanics involves the study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms, and is particularly concerned with the forces exerted by muscles and gravity on the skeletal structure.
A biomechanist would use gait analysis to assess and improve an athlete's performance or to help in the rehabilitation of injuries. Gait analysis is an observational and analytical tool for understanding the body's movement pattern during locomotion, providing valuable insight into the efficiency and biomechanical efficacy of an athlete's movement.
The other options, such as Sports Psychology, Exercise Physiology, and Sports Medicine, also play significant roles in the realm of physical education, exercise science, and sports.
Sports Psychology focuses on the mental well-being of athletes, Exercise Physiology investigates how the body responds to physical activity, and Sports Medicine involves the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise.