Question

Which of the following is not necessarily an essential element of a TQM program?

A) Continuous improvement
B) Employee involvement
C) Strict hierarchy
D) Customer focus

Answer 1

Strict hierarchy is not necessarily an essential element of a TQM program.

Step-by-step explanation:

Out of the options given, Strict hierarchy is not necessarily an essential element of a TQM (Total Quality Management) program. TQM is a management approach that focuses on continuous improvement, employee involvement, and customer focus. However, a strict hierarchy may not be required for the successful implementation of a TQM program. In fact, TQM encourages a more collaborative and participative approach to decision-making and problem-solving.